Scams that Scorch: Cybercrime, Labor Trafficking, and the Future of ASEAN Digital Governance

Author: Saittawut Yutthaworakool & Ika Kurnia Riswandari

In the context of Southeast Asia’s digital transformation, cyber scams and labor trafficking have become increasingly interconnected. Drawing on qualitative policy analysis, this chapter examines how transnational scam operations exploit existing national and regional governance in facilitating online scams and cross-border trafficking in the Mekong sub-region. The study argues that ASEAN’s digital governance has prioritized economic growth over human rights and security, leaving thousands vulnerable to exploitation and violence. The chapter proposes a framework focused on human-rights-based digital governance with lessons from the European Union, highlighting how binding legal instruments and institutional integrity at the regional level can strengthen collective regional responses. Most importantly, an inclusive and people-centered approach that engages all stakeholders is essential to build a safer digital future for ASEAN.